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Nuclear and fusion

With market-leading expertise in nuclear and fusion law, we support clients on complex projects and emerging energy technologies in the UK and across the globe.

Inside of a nuclear fusion reactor

A drive for safe, secure, low-carbon, baseload generation assets that can operate flexibly to complement renewables has led to surge of interest in nuclear and fusion projects worldwide.

New build projects must be delivered in a complex regulatory environment alongside the continued operation of existing nuclear facilities, the decommissioning of legacy facilities and the development of new infrastructure.

Our understanding of the nuclear sector is unrivalled. We have worked on almost all of the UK’s nuclear-licensed sites, advising operators and contractors at all levels of the supply chain. We are committed to long-term relationships with our clients, including government bodies, regulators, operators, developers, insurers, and contractors.

Our lawyers also participate in key industry associations such as INLA, WNA, NEMO, NIA and the Nuclear Institute. In parallel, fusion energy is seen as the holy grail of energy generation, offering abundant, safe, secure, and zero-carbon power with minimal radioactive waste.

Burges Salmon’s market-leading expertise in fusion law positions us to support this game-changing development. Our deep understanding of the fusion regulatory landscape, alongside our environmental expertise, allows us to guide fusion clients — including project sponsors, developers, and technology vendors — through this complex sector.

From new build development to waste management, our Nuclear and Fusion services encompass a wide range of solutions designed to ensure comprehensive support and guidance across all stages of your projects.

Services

Decommissioning

Advising on the safe decommissioning of nuclear sites, ensuring compliance with environmental and regulatory requirements.

Operational issues on existing sites

Providing support on operational challenges, including safety, regulatory compliance, and maintenance of existing nuclear facilities.

Waste management (interim and long term)

Expertise in managing both interim and long-term radioactive waste, including storage solutions and regulatory compliance.

New build development

Comprehensive legal support for nuclear and fusion new build projects, including planning, development, and regulatory oversight.

Regulatory and nuclear laws

Advising on establishing nuclear and fusion laws to international standards, especially for countries new to nuclear and/or fusion power programmes.

Regulation of fusion

Advising on the UK regulatory framework for fusion, alongside international law and regulatory justification.

Corporate structures and financing

Expertise in corporate structuring and financing for fusion projects, ensuring compliance with relevant laws and financial requirements.

Construction and commercial contracts

Advising on complex construction and commercial contracts for both nuclear and fusion projects, ensuring contractual protection and risk management, including alliancing.

Environmental impact and planning

Providing guidance on environmental assessments, planning permissions, and regulatory compliance for nuclear and fusion projects.

Inside of a nuclear fusion reactor

Fusion

Burges Salmon is at the forefront of supporting fusion technology advancements. Our expertise spans high-profile projects, including advising Fusion for Energy on the ITER Project and UKAEA on the STEP Project and the Fusion Foundations Programme.

We work closely with fusion clients, including project sponsors and technology developers, offering comprehensive guidance on regulatory, commercial, and environmental matters.

Our lawyers are active in key industry groups, such as the International Nuclear Law Association (INLA) and Nuclear Industry Association (NIA). Ian Salter, a leading expert in this field, contributes to the International Group of Legal Experts on Fusion Energy (FELEX), offering thought leadership and insight on emerging legal frameworks for fusion energy development.

Advanced Nuclear Technologies (SMRs and AMRs)

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs) are set to play a critical role in achieving Net Zero. At Burges Salmon, we leverage our extensive experience in global nuclear new build projects to support clients in the development and deployment of SMRs and AMRs.

Our team offers end-to-end legal services, from project design, financing, and site acquisition to construction, operation, and decommissioning.

We have a deep understanding of UK and international nuclear law, regulatory processes, and the legal hurdles facing SMR and AMR deployment. Our lawyers are actively involved in expert industry groups and working bodies, ensuring we stay at the forefront of ANT developments, both in the UK and globally.

Fragment of a fuel rod element of a nuclear reactor

Examples of our work

Nuclear Decommissioning Authority

Advising in relation to the Moorside new nuclear project.

Nuclear Waste Services

Advising in respect of the siting and consenting of a near surface disposal facility and the UK’s Geological Disposal Facility.

Nuclear restoration services

Advising in relation to the decommissioning, delicensing and deregulation of the UK’s legacy nuclear sites.

Fusion for Energy (F4E)

Advising in relation to the European Union’s contribution to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) at Cadarache, France.

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Advising on the development of the STEP Project, including corporate structure, regulatory framework, siting, and consenting.

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electricity plant at dusk

Guide to Nuclear Law

Burges Salmon has published the Guide to Nuclear Law, one of the few comprehensive texts in the field. Now in its third edition, the guide covers critical aspects of nuclear law, including regulatory frameworks, a review of international nuclear treaties and conventions, as well as commentary on SMRs and AMRs.

It is widely regarded as a key resource for professionals in the nuclear industry, providing in-depth insights and practical guidance on both UK and international nuclear law. Get in touch to register your interest in receiving the latest edition.

Register your interest

What others say

“All of the partners and associates I have worked with at Burges Salmon have consistently demonstrated an exceptional level of awareness of the commercial drivers and priorities of my business and a pragmatic mindset focused on finding practical solutions meeting our business needs.”

Legal 500 UK 2025

“The firm is excellent on nuclear law issues.”

Chambers UK 2023

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